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The news as it happened.

Europe Goes to WarThursday, July 30, 1914Issue the Seventh

Russia mobilises on the Austrian frontier

Germany asks what it means

Russia is mobilising against Austria and Germany has asked her to explain, while Britain’s First Fleet has put to sea under sealed orders and the Commons has closed ranks.

Headline and cartoon from the front page of the Harrisburg Telegraph, Thursday evening 30 July 1914: "Armies of Europe mobilize, anticipating general clash". The cartoon, "A hard job", shows an angel marked "Peace" pushing back a bomb marked "War".
Headline and cartoon from the front page of the Harrisburg Telegraph, Thursday evening 30 July 1914: “Armies of Europe mobilize, anticipating general clash”. The cartoon, “A hard job”, shows an angel marked “Peace” pushing back a bomb marked “War”.Photograph by Harrisburg Telegraph (Harrisburg, Pa.), via Library of Congress Chronicling America, July 30, 1914 · Public domain (US newspaper published 1914)

ST PETERSBURG, Thursday.—Russia is mobilising, and Germany has asked her to say what it means.

In London Sir Edward Grey told the House of Commons to-day that Russia has ordered a partial mobilisation. Reuter reports that it covers Kieff, Odessa, Moscow and Kazan, entirely on the Austrian and not on the German frontier, and later that it is proceeding in fifty-two Governments. A German agency telegram says the mobilisation on the Russian south frontier has been officially communicated to the German Government.

“Russians consider that the die is cast and that only a miracle can avert war,” a cable from the capital runs. In the event of war the Tsar will be Generalissimo. The lights of the Black Sea have been extinguished.

Russians consider that the die is cast and that only a miracle can avert warCable from St Petersburg

Berlin’s answer is three questions. Germany has asked the Cabinet here to reply as soon as possible: what the mobilisation means, whether it is aimed at Austria, and whether Russia is prepared to stop it. The alarming report of a German ultimatum to Russia has proved wrong.

An official statement given in Berlin to Reuter’s representative says Germany has not yet decided to mobilise. Russia’s step has made the diplomats’ work harder, it says, though that work cannot yet be called ended.

The German agency adds that the Imperial Chancellor, Herr von Bethmann Hollweg, has tried at the last hour to bring Vienna and St Petersburg to an understanding, and that rumours of German mobilisation are premature. At noon the Lokal Anzeiger published a report of German mobilisation; the papers were confiscated and an investigation begun, “because the report is absolutely false.”

The German Foreign Office has authorised the United Press to say: “Germany has made no war move. The only steps taken have been in the direction of peace.”

On the Danube the Daily Mail’s correspondent at Vienna reports Belgrade in flames after a bombardment that damaged the palace, and the Daily Telegraph learns from Athens of an artillery duel at Vichnitza, five miles down the river.

Here the war fever is growing. Twenty thousand people gave an ovation to Servian officers leaving for Belgrade, and thousands demonstrated in the capital and at Odessa all day and in the evening, cheering for England and France.

UK Parliament, House of Commons (Hansard), July 30 · The Bombay Chronicle, July 31 · The Straits Times, July 31 · Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle, July 30 · De Standaard (Amsterdam), July 31 · Nieuwe Tilburgsche Courant, July 31 · The Washington Times, July 30 · The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, July 31

Party quarrels set aside as the Commons stands together

LONDON, Thursday.—The House of Commons has put its party quarrels aside. Mr Asquith to-day postponed the second reading of the Home Rule Amending Bill, telling the House: “We meet to-day under conditions of gravity which are almost unparalleled in the experience of any one of us.”

It was vital, he said, that Britain, which has no interests of her own directly at stake, should present a united front. Mr Bonar Law shares his views, and there was not a murmur of dissent.

Sir Edward Grey told the House: “I regret I cannot say that the situation is less grave than it was yesterday.” Austria has begun war against Servia, he said, and Russia’s partial mobilisation has not so far led to corresponding steps by the other Powers. It has not been possible for the Powers to join in the diplomatic action he proposed on Monday.

We meet to-day under conditions of gravity which are almost unparalleled in the experience of any one of usMr H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister, in the House of Commons (as cabled by Reuter)

The Labour members have passed a resolution of confidence in Sir Edward Grey. Later the party leaders met in urgent conference at his residence to try to find an Irish settlement.

UK Parliament, House of Commons (Hansard), July 30 · The Straits Times, July 31

First Fleet leaves Portland under sealed orders

LONDON, Thursday.—The First Fleet, held together at Portland since Monday, has put to sea under sealed orders, bands playing ‘Hearts of Oak’ and the crews cheering.

It is officially stated that no British mobilisation has been ordered. “Military and naval measures that have been taken are merely precautionary and defensive.”

Anti-aircraft guns have been mounted near the oil tanks. Nearly the whole of the Mediterranean fleet is concentrated at Malta, with all leave cancelled, and Malta says the precautionary stage of mobilisation has been ordered.

Military and naval measures that have been taken are merely precautionary and defensiveOfficial statement, London

The War Office declares there is no truth in a report published in the United States that the Territorial troops have been ordered to mobilise.

Pinang Gazette and Straits Chronicle, July 30 · The Straits Times, July 31 · Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), July 30

British and German squadrons gather in Chinese waters

SINGAPORE, Thursday.—The crisis has come to Eastern waters. The British China squadron is reported to be mobilising at Wei-hai-wei, on the north coast of Shantung, and the German squadron at Tsingtau, about 200 miles to the south. The German force is led by the armoured cruiser Scharnhorst, flagship of Vice-Admiral Count von Spee; the British squadron includes the battleship Triumph.

At Colombo the Russian Consul has received a cable from St Petersburg to detain all vessels of the Russian Volunteer fleet. Business there is stagnant and the stockbrokers are idle.

In Singapore the war is the sole topic of conversation among the German residents. They had not feared war after the Archduke’s murder, expecting at most a strong Austrian demand that the assassins be punished. “Though many of them drink ‘To the Day,’ the Austrian action has left them almost bewildered.”

Though many of them drink 'To the Day,' the Austrian action has left them almost bewilderedContributed note in The Singapore Free Press

It is not believed they will be called home. Should Germany arm, the Far Eastern reservists will probably be gathered at Tsingtau, where the young Germans east of Suez do their training.

Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), July 30 · The Bombay Chronicle, July 31 · The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, July 30

Comment: The Times stands by France; the Straits Times blames Russia

SINGAPORE, Thursday.—London and Singapore read the crisis differently. The Times this morning warns that Britain cannot afford to see France crushed: “We can no more afford to see France crushed by Germany or the balance of power upset against France than Germany can afford to see Austria-Hungary crushed by Russia.”

The Straits Times sees no cause for alarm in Austria punishing Servia. “If the millions of Austria go in and punish the thousands of Servia for their complicity in a hideous crime, and their encouragement of criminal conspiracies, we see no reason whatever for general lamentation.”

It doubts that Germany wishes for war at all, and holds that the Kaiser has shown himself a friend of peace. Its verdict: “It seems to us that neither Austria nor Germany is responsible for the situation which has arisen. The responsibility lies mainly with Russia.”

Evening Star (Washington, D.C.) · The Straits Times; all July 30, 1914.

Bank rates rise in London and Paris

LONDON, Thursday.—The Bank of England has raised its minimum rate from 3 to 4 per cent, and the private discount rate in London rose from 4 3/4 to 5 per cent. The Bank of France has raised its rate from 3 to 4 1/2 per cent. Consols closed at 69 1/4.

The Hattiesburg News (Hattiesburg, Miss.), July 31 · Harrisburg Telegraph, July 30 · The Straits Times, July 31

Holland declares neutrality; Java’s council meets

THE HAGUE, Thursday.—The Official Gazette publishes the Netherlands’ declaration of absolute neutrality in the Austro-Servian war, and Holland has called out all army reserves, frontier guards and coast guards. At Weltevreden, in Java, the Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies on Wednesday presided over a special meeting of the Netherlands Indies Council, attended by the commanders of the army and navy, on the political situation in Europe.

Evening Star (Washington, D.C.) · Harrisburg Telegraph · The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser; all July 30, 1914.

Start Europe Goes to War from issue one tomorrow

Wayback Wire · No. 7 · Thursday, July 30, 1914